The Price of Zero-G: How Astronauts Get Life Insurance (And Who Pays If a Tourist Dies?)

ISS: How It Works — Pillar 1 • Human Systems Code Red in Orbit: The ISS 'Stabilize and Transport' Medical Doctrine and Its Mars Mission Breaking Point 🏠 Home ← Back to Pillar 1 Overview Next → The 400-Kilometer Commute In this article Introduction The Team Inside the “Ambulance” Case Study 1 – Decompression Sickness Case Study 2 – Kidney Stones Mars Breaking Point Future of Space Medicine FAQs Sources & Citations 🏠 Home ← Back to Pillar 2 Overview Next → How Does the ISS Get Power? The Price of Zero-G: How Astronauts Get Life Insurance (And Who Pays If a Tourist Dies?) About Penny Waite When I was small, the night sky was a fairytale. The moon was bigger. The stars were brighter. Every pinprick of light felt like it was winking just for me, like the universe was telling me secrets. I'd beg Dad to lift me...

Tour the ISS Air & Water Recycling Loops

 
ECLSS SYSTEM OVERVIEW — REV. 2.5 (2025)

ISS Life Support: The Closed Loops

Air to water. Water to air. Life, on repeat.
© NASA · JSC · Public Reference

Introduction

Two hundred and fifty miles above Earth, every breath, every drop, every molecule counts. The International Space Station isn’t just a laboratory — it’s a living, breathing prototype for survival beyond our planet.

Inside its sealed walls, NASA’s Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) keeps humans alive by mastering the art of reuse. Up here, nothing is wasted. Everything is transformed.

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Simplified schematic — ECLSS closed-loop
CREWExhales CO₂ · Humidity ARSAir Revitalization SABATIERCO₂ + H₂ → H₂O + CH₄ WRSWater Recovery OGAOxygen Generation CO₂ FLOW CAPTURED CO₂ H₂ FEED PRODUCED H₂O RECYCLED WATER O₂ TO CABIN HUMIDITY CAPTURE
Air ⇄ Water — the loop that keeps life alive

Why This Matters

What the ISS does daily is the essence of sustainability: creating abundance in isolation. In space, recycling isn’t an option — it’s survival. On Earth, it’s our blueprint for resilience.

The station doesn’t just orbit the planet — it reflects our potential to live within limits and still thrive.

Key Facts for the Curious

  • The ISS reclaims up to 98% of its water with recent system upgrades.
  • ECLSS integrates air, water, and waste into a self-sustaining loop.
  • The Sabatier reaction turns CO₂ + H₂ → H₂O + CH₄.
  • A tighter loop means fewer resupply missions — and a safer path to Mars.
Up here, every breath is recycled. Every drop reborn. You start to realize — Earth is just another closed system.
ECLSS · Systems: WRS · ARS · OGA · Sabatier · © NASA / ESA Collaboration · Public ReferenceDoc ID: ECLSS-OVR-CL-2025 · Simplified for clarity